Mechanical properties of high-performance concrete made from slag activated with hydrated lime and cement incorporating calcium chloride, ocher, and polypropylene fibers

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Civil Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology (IUT), Isfahan, 84156-83111,

2 Department of Civil Engineering Isfahan University of Technology (IUT),Isfahan,84156-83111

3 Architecture and Urban Planning faculty,Shahid Beheshti University,Tehran,Iran

10.22124/jcr.2026.33671.1742

Abstract

The use of cement as one of the components of concrete has led to the production of large amounts of carbon dioxide and caused environmental problems. Moreover, high-performance concrete (HPC) typically requires a large amount of cement. To reduce cement consumption, slag is used as a replacement. This study aims to develop high-performance concrete with minimal cement consumption without a significant reduction in strength. The cementitious composition used consists of 85% slag, 5% hydrated lime, and 10% ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Replacing cement with slag at high percentages usually reduces the strength of concrete; therefore, additives were used to compensate for this reduction. Calcium chloride, as the most well-known hydration accelerator, and ochre (red clay) due to its Fe₂O₃ content, were employed. The tests included compressive strength and four-point flexural strength at 7 and 28 days, as well as an electrical resistance test. According to the results, the mixture containing 2% calcium chloride and 2% ochre exhibited the highest compressive and flexural strengths of 93.2 and 8.1 MPa, respectively, which is approximately 99% of the compressive strength and 96% of the flexural strength of concrete made solely with OPC. According to the electrical resistance test results, the addition of calcium chloride to this mixture does not cause steel reinforcement corrosion. Furthermore, the use of 2% by volume of PP fibers resulted in an approximately 10% reduction in the compressive strength of the specimens compared with the fiber-free condition.

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Concrete Research

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 16 September 2026

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