Optimization of Permeability and Durability of Normal Concrete Using Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles

Articles in Press

Document Type : Research Paper

Author

Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, Iran

10.22124/jcr.2026.32397.1728

Abstract

The durability of concrete structures is a decisive factor in their service life, especially when exposed to aggressive environments. This study aims to investigate the effects of silica oxide nanoparticles (SiO₂) on improving the durability and reducing the permeability of concrete. In this research, SiO₂ nanoparticles were used as partial replacements for cement in various mix designs, and the prepared samples were tested for permeability, porosity, and resistance to sulfate attack. The results revealed that the incorporation of well-dispersed nanoparticles enhances the homogeneity and cohesion of concrete, significantly reduces permeability and pore volume, and improves the viscosity and bonding properties of the cement paste. The pozzolanic reaction between nanoparticles and calcium hydroxide leads to the formation of more durable gels, which block the pathways of harmful agents. Furthermore, concretes containing silica nanoparticles exhibited higher resistance to sulfate attack and improved long-term durability. Overall, the incorporation of silica oxide nanoparticles can be considered an effective approach to enhance concrete durability and stability in harsh environmental conditions.

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Main Subjects

Concrete Research

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 23 February 2026

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