[1] Tam, L.-H., Zhou, A., Yu, Z., & Wu, C. (2023). Editorial: Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Cement-Based Composites. In Materials (Vol. 16, Issue 20, p. 6636). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206636
[2] Bentur, A., & Mitchell, D. (2008). Material performance lessons. Cement and Concrete Research, *38*(2), 259-272. DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.09.009
[3] Metaxa, Z. S., Tolkou, A. K., Efstathiou, S., Rahdar, A., Favvas, E. P., Mitropoulos, A. C., & Kyzas, G. Z. (2021). Nanomaterials in Cementitious Composites: An Update. In Molecules (Vol. 26, Issue 5, p. 1430). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051430
[4] Guimaraes, L., Enyashin, A. N., Seifert, G., & Duarte, H. A. (2010). Structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of single-walled halloysite nanotube models. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 114(26), 11358-11363.
[5] Srivastava, S., & Pandey, A. (2019). Mechanical behavior and thermal stability of ultrasonically synthesized halloysite-epoxy composite. In Composites Communications (Vol. 11, pp. 39–44). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coco.2018.11.003
[6] Goda, Emad. S., Yoon, K. R., El-sayed, S. H., & Hong, S. E. (2018). Halloysite nanotubes as smart flame retardant and economic reinforcing materials: A review. In Thermochimica Acta (Vol. 669, pp. 173–184). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2018.09.017
[7] Liu, H., Jin, J., Yu, Y., Liu, H., Liu, S., Shen, J., Xia, X., & Ji, H. (2020). Influence of halloysite nanotube on hydration products and mechanical properties of oil well cement slurries with nano-silica. In Construction and Building Materials (Vol. 247, p. 118545). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118545
[8] Boukendakdji, O., Kadri, E.-H., & Kenai, S. (2012). Effects of granulated blast furnace slag and superplasticizer type on the fresh properties and compressive strength of self-compacting concrete. In Cement and Concrete Composites (Vol. 34, Issue 4, pp. 583–590). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2011.08.013
[9] Shi, C., & Qian, J. (2000). High performance cementing materials from industrial slags—a review. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 29(3), 195-207.
[10] Siddique, R., & Bennacer, R. (2012). Use of iron and steel industry by-product (GGBS) in cement paste and mortar. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 69, 29-34.
[11] Barnett, S. J., Soutsos, M. N., Millard, S. G., & Bungey, J. H. (2006). Strength development of mortars containing ground granulated blast-furnace slag: Effect of curing temperature and determination of apparent activation energies. Cement and Concrete Research, 36(3), 434-440.
[12] Yang, K. H., Jung, Y. B., Cho, M. S., & Tae, S. H. (2015). Effect of supplementary cementitious materials on reduction of CO₂ emissions from concrete. Journal of Cleaner Production, 103, 774-783.
[13] Mouli, M., & Khelafi, H. (2008). Performance characteristics of lightweight aggregate concrete containing natural pozzolan. Building and Environment, 43(1), 31-36.
[14] Parrott, L. J. (1996). Some effects of cement and curing upon carbonation and reinforcement corrosion in concrete. Materials and Structures, 29, 164-173.
[15] Aïtcin, P. C. (2016). High-Performance Concrete. CRC Press.
[16] Amudhavalli, N. K., & Mathew, J. (2012). Effect of silica fume on strength and durability parameters of concrete. International journal of engineering sciences & emerging technologies, 3(1), 28-35.
[17] Dotto, J. M. R., Abreu, A. G. de, Dal Molin, D. C. C., & Müller, I. L. (2004). Influence of silica fume addition on concretes physical properties and on corrosion behaviour of reinforcement bars. In Cement and Concrete Composites (Vol. 26, Issue 1, pp. 31–39). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0958-9465(02)00120-8
[18] Ghosh, Nabendu & Pal, Pradip & Nandi, Goutam. (2017). GMAW dissimilar welding of AISI 409 ferritic stainless steel to AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel by using AISI 308 filler wire. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal. 20. 10.1016/j.jestch.2017.08.002.
[19] Pal, S., Malviya, S. K., Pal, S. K., & Samantaray, A. K. (2009). Optimization of quality characteristics parameters in a pulsed metal inert gas welding process using grey-based Taguchi method. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 44, 1250-1260.
[20] Taguchi, G., Chowdhury, S., & Wu, Y. (2005). Taguchi’s Quality Engineering Handbook. John Wiley & Sons.
[21] Phadke, M. S. (1989). Quality Engineering Using Robust Design. Prentice Hall.
[22] Singh, A. K., Debnath, T., Dey, V., & Rai, R. N. (2017). An approach to maximize weld penetration during TIG welding of P91 steel plates by utilizing image processing and Taguchi orthogonal array. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, 98, 541-551.
[23] Sapakal, S. V., & Telsang, M. T. (2012). Parametric optimization of MIG welding using Taguchi design method. International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies, 1(4), 28-30.
[24] ASTM C778-02, Standard specification for standard sand (2002).
[25] Rana, Sohel & Pichandi, Subramani & Fangueiro, Raul & Correia, Antonio. (2016). A Review on Smart Self-Sensing Composite Materials for Civil Engineering Applications. AIMS Material Science. 3. 357-379. 10.3934/matersci.2016.2.357.
[26] Chung, D. D. L. (2016). Self-sensing structural composites in aerospace engineering. In Advanced Composite Materials for Aerospace Engineering (pp. 295-331). Woodhead Publishing.
[27] Wang, Q., Yan, P., & Mi, G. (2012). Effect of blended steel slag–GBFS mineral admixture on hydration and strength of cement. Construction and Building Materials, 35, 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.02.085
[28] Cahyani, R. A. T., & Rusdianto, Y. (2021). An Overview of Behaviour of Concrete with Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Partial Cement Replacement. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 933(1), 012006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/933/1/012006
[29] ASTM C511-21, Standard Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of Hydraulic Cements and Concretes (2021).
[30] Layssi, Hamed & Ghods, Pouria & Alizadeh, Aali & Salehi, Mustafa. (2015). Electrical Resistivity of Concrete. Concrete International. 37. 41-46.
[31] Hornbostel, K., Larsen, C. K., & Geiker, M. R. (2013). Relationship between concrete resistivity and corrosion rate – A literature review. In Cement and Concrete Composites (Vol. 39, pp. 60–72). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2013.03.019
[32] Ashcroft, N. W., & Mermin, N. D. (1976). Solid State Physics. Saunders College Publishing
[33] Tipler, P. A., & Mosca, G. (2007). Physics for Scientists and Engineers (6th ed.). W.H. Freeman and Company.
[34] Turgut, P. & Kucuk, O.. (2006). Comparative relationships of direct, indirect, and semi-direct ultrasonic pulse velocity measurements in concrete. 42. 745-751. 10.1134/S1061830906110064.
[35] Lee, Chan & Jo, Young. (2017). Correlation and correction factor between direct and indirect methods for the ultrasonic measurement of stone samples. Environmental Earth Sciences. 76. 10.1007/s12665-017-6810-7.
[36] Mohamed Sutan, Norsuzailina & Meganathan, M. (2003). A Comparison Between Direct And Indirect Method Of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity In Detecting Concrete Defects.. Journal of Nondestructive Testing. 8. 1-9.
[37] ASTM C597-22, Standard Test Method for Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Through Concrete (2023).
[38] Mielentz, F. (2008). Phased arrays for ultrasonic investigations in concrete components. Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation, 27, 23-33.
[39] Feller, V., Mielentz, F., Klewe, T., Krause, M., Orglmeister, R., & Pflugradt, M. (2015). Ultrasonic phased array for investigations of concrete components. In NDT-CE 2015-International symposium non-destructive testing in civil engineering (Proceedings) (pp. 1-5). Technische Universität Berlin/Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-prüfung.
[40] Ahmad, Jawad & Kontoleon, Karolos & Majdi, Ali & Naqash, Muhammad & Deifalla, Ahmed & Ben Kahla, Nabil & Isleem, Haytham & Qaidi, Shaker. (2022). A Comprehensive Review on the Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) in Concrete Production. Sustainability. 14. 8783. 10.3390/su14148783.
[41] Yang, Zhengxian & Xiong, Xiaoli & Chen, Shanghong & Briseghella, Bruno & Marano, Giuseppe & Zhang, Yong. (2023). Effect of fineness on the hydration and microstructure of cementitious materials with high-volume steel slag and blast furnace slag. Journal of Building Engineering. 72. 106682. 10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106682.
[42] Salhi, K. (2025). PERFORMANCE OF GREEN CEMENT COMPOSITE CONTAINING BLAST FURNACE SLAG AND DUNE SAND POWDER. Ceramics - Silikaty, 0–0. https://doi.org/10.13168/cs.2025.0001
[43] Takahashi, K., Kawabata, Y., Kobayashi, M., Kasaya, T., Miyamoto, S., & Wong, H. S. (2025). Durability of cementitious binders with blast furnace slag in deep sea conditions: Analysis of microstructure and phase transformation. Cement and Concrete Research, 196, 107942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2025.107942
[44] Haw, T. T., Hart, F., Rashidi, A., & Pasbakhsh, P. (2020). Sustainable cementitious composites reinforced with metakaolin and halloysite nanotubes for construction and building applications. In Applied Clay Science (Vol. 188, p. 105533). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2020.105533
[45] Fahimizadeh, M., Pasbakhsh, P., Lee, S. M., Tan, J. B. L., Singh, R. K. R., & Yuan, P. (2024). Sustainable biologically self-healing concrete by smart natural nanotube-hydrogel system. In Developments in the Built Environment (Vol. 18, p. 100384). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dibe.2024.100384
[46] Fahimizadeh, M., Wong, L. W., Baifa, Z., Sadjadi, S., Auckloo, S. A. B., Palaniandy, K., Pasbakhsh, P., Tan, J. B. L., Singh, R. K. R., & Yuan, P. (2024). Halloysite clay nanotubes: Innovative applications by smart systems. In Applied Clay Science (Vol. 251, p. 107319). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2024.107319
[47] Rashidi, Y., Habibnejad Korayem, A., Farsi, S., & Sadeghi, J. (2023). Utilizing halloysite nanotube to enhance the properties of cement mortar subjected to freeze-thaw cycles. In Journal of Building Engineering (Vol. 75, p. 106832). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106832
[48] Razzaghian Ghadikolaee, M., Habibnejad Korayem, A., Sharif, A., & Ming Liu, Y. (2021). The halloysite nanotube effects on workability, mechanical properties, permeability and microstructure of cementitious mortar. In Construction and Building Materials (Vol. 267, p. 120873). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120873
[49] Nk, Amudhavalli & Mathew, Jeena. (2012). Effect of silica fume on strength and durability parameters of concrete. International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Emerging Technologies. 3.
[50] Bhanja, Samah & Sengupta, B. & Kaushik, S. & Kumar, Praveen. (2004). Optimum silica fume content and its mode of action on concrete. 101. 327-328.
[51] Khedr, S. A., & Abou‐Zeid, M. N. (1994). Characteristics of Silica‐Fume Concrete. In Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering (Vol. 6, Issue 3, pp. 357–375). American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0899-1561(1994)6:3(357)
[52] Luo, T., Hua, C., Li, L., Zhang, T., Lu, X., Li, L. G., & Mostafa, S. A. (2024). The effect of micro silica fume (MSF) content on pore fractal dimension (PFD) and mechanical properties of self-consolidating concrete. In Case Studies in Construction Materials (Vol. 21, p. e04065). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2024.e04065
[53] Wang, L., & Aslani, F. (2020). Electrical resistivity and piezoresistivity of cement mortar containing ground granulated blast furnace slag. Construction and Building Materials, 263, 120243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120243
[54] Kuo, W.-T., Chen, S.-H., Wang, H.-Y., & Lin, J.-C. (2013). A study on the mechanical and electricity properties of cement mortar added with GGBFS and piezoelectric powder. Construction and Building Materials, 49, 251–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.07.036
[55] Han, B., Ding, S., & Yu, X. (2015). Intrinsic self-sensing concrete and structures: A review. In Measurement (Vol. 59, pp. 110–128). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.09.048
[56] Wang, L., & Aslani, F. (2020). Electrical resistivity and piezoresistivity of cement mortar containing ground granulated blast furnace slag. In Construction and Building Materials (Vol. 263, p. 120243). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120243
[57] Owsiak, Z., Sołtys, A., Sztąboroski, P., & Mazur, M. (2015). Properties of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete with Halloysite Under Industrial Conditions. In Procedia Engineering (Vol. 108, pp. 214–219). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.06.140
[58] Farzadnia, N., Abang Ali, A. A., Demirboga, R., & Anwar, M. P. (2013). Effect of halloysite nanoclay on mechanical properties, thermal behavior and microstructure of cement mortars. In Cement and Concrete Research (Vol. 48, pp. 97–104). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2013.03.005
[59] Salem, Th. M. (2002). Electrical conductivity and rheological properties of ordinary Portland cement–silica fume and calcium hydroxide–silica fume pastes. In Cement and Concrete Research (Vol. 32, Issue 9, pp. 1473–1481). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-8846(02)00809-8
[60] Salem, Th. M., & Ragai, Sh. M. (2001). Electrical conductivity of granulated slag–cement kiln dust–silica fume pastes at different porosities. In Cement and Concrete Research (Vol. 31, Issue 5, pp. 781–787). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0008-8846(01)00461-6
[61] El-Enein, S. A. A., Kotkata, M. F., Hanna, G. B., Saad, M., & El Razek, M. M. A. (1995). Electrical conductivity of concrete containing silica fume. In Cement and Concrete Research (Vol. 25, Issue 8, pp. 1615–1620). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(95)00156-5
[62] Neville, A. M. (2011). Properties of Concrete. Pearson Education Limited.