Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training Unversity,, Tehran, Iran
2
Faculty of Civil Enfgineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
3
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran
10.22124/jcr.2025.29716.1692
Abstract
Abstract:
Alkali-activated slag-based materials are a type of stable and environmentally compatible substance that, due to their alkaline nature, inherently exhibit higher electrical conductivity than Portland cement. Given their favorable sensory and mechanical properties, they can be utilized for structural health monitoring and measuring the physical parameters of structures under diverse environmental conditions. Structures in destructive/aggressive environments such as seawater, dams, bridge foundations, water supply tunnels, and other hydraulic infrastructures are exposed to risks due to chloride ions, microorganisms, and sulfate attacks. Therefore, investigating the durability of self-sensing alkali-activated slag-based mortar in such aggressive environments is essential. This study employs the Taguchi method to evaluate the effects of various parameters on the compressive strength and conductivity of geopolymer mortar containing conductive fillers like halloysite and copper slag, immersed in a sulfate-rich environment. The conducted analyses and tests include XRF, XRD, compressive strength, conductivity measurements, and SEM studies. Results revealed that the mix design of T3-C5-H15-M12-A55 showed the highest conductivity in the sulfate environment, and increasing sodium hydroxide molarity positively influenced the geopolymer mortar’s conductivity. Additionally, substituting steel slag with conductive fillers demonstrated superior performance, with higher-quality crystallization development. Increased steel slag and filler content proportionally elevated calcium levels, promoting the formation of C-A-S-H and C-S-H gels, which reduced porosity and enhanced microstructural integrity.
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