Investigation of Rheological Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Rheographs

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, School of Civil Engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch

2 PhD student in Construction and Management Engineering, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch

10.22124/jcr.2022.18430.1473

Abstract

Basically, self-compacting concrete mixtures (SCC) are more susceptible to temperature, time, and ingredients compared to the conventional ones. This matter is because of the combination of varied needs in the fresh mode, extremely complexed mixture proportions, and its naturally low yield stress. The rheology provides valuable information about the properties of fresh self-compacting concrete (SCC), but investigation of the procedure for achieving optimal SCC mix using the so-called rheographs can further provide practically useful information. In the present research, having their properties functions of temperature and mixing time, SCC samples were prepared with different amounts of cement, limestone, viscosity-modifying admixture and superplasticizer. In order to measure the rheological properties of the prepared samples, the SCC mix temperature was adjusted according to the dominant environmental conditions in different seasons. Accordingly, the samples were prepared during different seasons of the year to check for their workability and rheology. Rheographs were used to investigate the rheological properties of the SCC mixes during a period of 60 min. According to the results, the use of polycarboxylate superplasticizer and increasing the amount of cement at a given water-to-cement ratio were found to improve the rheological properties of the resultant concrete mix. increasing Portland cement to 440 kg/m3 in SCC mixtures containing viscosity modifying admixtures (VMA) improved rheology. On the other hand, the powder type SCC mixtures had 50% more slump loss compared to VMA type SCC mixtures. Therefore, the powder concrete is not recommended for high-temperature operating conditions.

Keywords

Main Subjects


  • Wallevik, O. H. and Wallevik, J. E., "Rheology as a tool in concrete science: The use of rheographs and workability boxes." Cement and concrete research, 41(12): 1279-1288, 2011.
  • ACI 238.1R-08, "Report on Measurments of Workability and Rheology of Fresh Concrete." American Concrete Institute, 2008.
  • Łukowski, P., "Influence of temperature on efficiency of superplasticizing admixtures for concrete." Journal of Building Chemistry, 1(1): 32-36, 2016.
  • De Schutter, G., Bartos, P. J., Domone, P. and Gibbs, J., "Self-compacting concrete." Caithness: Whittles Publishing, 2008.
  • Al-Martini, S. and Nehdi, M., "Effect of chemical admixtures on rheology of cement paste at high temperature." Journal of ASTM international, 4(3): 1-17, 2007.
  • Brameshuber, W. and Uebachs, S., "The influence of the temperature on the rheological properties of self-compacting concrete." In Proc. Third Int. RILEM Symposium (Ed. Wallevik, O. and Nielsson, I.), pp. 174-183, 2003.
  • Golaszewski, J. "Effect of temperature on rheological properties of superplasticized cement mortars." Special Publication 239: 423-440, 2006.
  • Petit, J. Y., Wirquin, E., Vanhove, Y. and Khayat, K., "Yield stress and viscosity equations for mortars and self-consolidating concrete." Cement and concrete research, 37(5): 655-670, 2007.
  • Petit, J. Y., Khayat, K. H., and Wirquin, E., "Coupled effect of time and temperature on variations of plastic viscosity of highly flowable mortar." Cement and concrete research, 39(3): 165-170, 2009.
  • Schmidt, W., Brouwers, H.J.H., Kuehne, H.C. and Meng, B., "Effects of the characteristics of high range water reducing agents and the water to powder ratio on rheological and setting behavior of self-consolidating concrete." Advances in Civil Engineering Materials, 3(2): 127-141, 2014.
  • Schmidt, W., Brouwers, H.J.H., Kühne, H.C. and Meng, B., "Influences of superplasticizer modification and mixture composition on the performance of self-compacting concrete at varied ambient temperatures." Cement and Concrete Composites, 49: 111-126, 2014.
  • Schmidt, W., Brouwers, J., Kühne, H. C., & Meng, B. (2010). "Effects of superplasticizer and viscosity-modifying agent on fresh concrete performance of SCC at varied ambient temperatures." In Design, Production and Placement of Self-Consolidating Concrete. Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 65-77, 2010.
  • Ravina, D., "Retempering of prolonged-mixed concrete with admixtures in hot weather." In Journal Proceedings, 72(6): 291-295, 1975.
  • Hampton, J.S., "Extended workability of concrete containing high-range water-reducing admixtures in hot weather." Special Publication, 68: 409-422, 1981.
  • Nehdi, M. and Al-Martini, S., "Coupled effects of high temperature, prolonged mixing time, and chemical admixtures on rheology of fresh concrete." ACI Materials Journal 106(3): 1-10. 2009.
  • Al-Martini, S, and M Nehdi. "Effects of Heat and Mixing Time on Self-Compacting Concrete." Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers: Construction Materials 163(3): 175–182, 2010.
  • Van Damme, H. "Concrete material science: Past, present, and future innovations." Cement and concrete research, 112: 5-24, 2018.
  • Rodríguez, G., Blanco, A., Pujadas, P. and Aguado, A., "Self-compacting concrete in the Temple of Sagrada Familia." Journal of Architectural Engineering, 23(3): 1–8, 2017.
  • Assaad, J.J., "Influence of recycled aggregates on dynamic/static stability of self-consolidating concrete." Journal of Sustainable Cement-Based Materials, 6(6): 345-365, 2017.
  • Nagaratnam, B.H., Rahman, M.E., Mirasa, A.K., Mannan, M.A. and Lame, S.O., "Workability and heat of hydration of self-compacting concrete incorporating agro-industrial waste." Journal of Cleaner Production, 112: 882-894, 2016.
  • Jahandari, S., Saberian, M., Tao, Z., Mojtahedi, S.F., Li, J., Ghasemi, M. and Li, W. "Effects of saturation degrees, freezing-thawing, and curing on geotechnical properties of lime and lime-cement concretes." Cold Regions Science and Technology, 160: 242-251, 2019.
  • Saberian, M. and Li, J., "Investigation of the mechanical properties and carbonation of construction and demolition materials together with rubber." Journal of cleaner production, 202: 553-560, 2018.
  • Saberian Boroujeni, M., Li, J. and Cameron, D., "Effect of crushed glass on behavior of crushed recycled pavement materials together with crumb rubber for making a clean green base and subbase." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 31(7): 1-7, 2019.
  • Ardalan, R.B., Jamshidi, N., Arabameri, H., Joshaghani, A., Mehrinejad, M. and Sharafi, P. "Enhancing the permeability and abrasion resistance of concrete using colloidal nano-SiO2 oxide and spraying nanosilicon practices." Construction and Building Materials, 146: 128-135, 2017.
  • Nagrockienė, D., Girskas, G. and Skripkiūnas, G. "Properties of concrete modified with mineral additives." Construction and Building Materials, 135: 37-42, 2017.
  • Güneyisi, E., Gesoğlu, M., Al-Rawi, S. and Mermerdaş, K. "Effect of volcanic pumice powder on the fresh properties of self-compacting concretes with and without silica fume." Materials and structures, 47(11): 1857-1865, 2014.
  • Granata, M. F. "Pumice powder as filler of self-compacting concrete." Construction and Building Materials, 96: 581-590, 2015.
  • Carlsward, J., Emborg, M., Utsi, S. and Oberg, P. "Effect of constituents on the workability and rheology of self-compacting concrete." In Proceeding of the Third international RILEM conference on SCC, Island, Vol. 33, pp. 143-153, 2003.
  • Wallevik, Ó.H. and Níelsson, I., 3rd International Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete, pp. 506–513, 2003.
  • Li, J., Yin, J., Zhou, S. and Li, Y. "Mix proportion calculation method of self-compacting high performance concrete." First International Symposium on Design, Performance and Use of Self-Consolidating, pp. 199–205, 2005.
  • Skarendahl, Å. and Petersson, Ö., "Self-compacting concrete." Proceedings of 1st International Symposium Self-Compacting Concrete, Stockholm, 1999.
  • Kostrzanowska-Siedlarz, A. and Gołaszewski, J., "Rheological properties of high performance self-compacting concrete: effects of composition and time." Construction and Building Materials, 115: 705-715, 2016.
  • Tattersall, G.H. and Banfill, P.F., "The Rheology of Fresh Concrete." Pitman Books Limited, Boston, 1983.
  • Jang, K.P., Kwon, S.H., Choi, M.S., Kim, Y.J., Park, C.K. and Shah, S.P., "Experimental observation on variation of rheological properties during concrete pumping." International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 12(1): p.79, 2018.
  • Figueiras, H., Nunes, S., Coutinho, J.S. and Andrade, C., "Linking fresh and durability properties of paste to SCC mortar. cement and concrete composites, 45: 209-226, 2014.
  • Mahmoodzadeh, F. and Chidiac, S.E., "Rheological models for predicting plastic viscosity and yield stress of fresh concrete." Cement and Concrete Research, 49: 1-9, 2013.
  • Choi, M., Park, K. and Oh, T., "Viscoelastic properties of fresh cement paste to study the flow behavior." international journal of concrete structures and materials, 10(3): 65-74, 2016.
  • Feys, D., De Schutter, G., Khayat, K. H. and Verhoeven, R. "Changes in rheology of self-consolidating concrete induced by pumping." Materials and Structures, 49(11): 4657-4677, 2016.
  • Ko, J.H., Moon, H.J., Seok, W.K., Park, S.J. and Kim, H.J., "A study on the 1:1 full scale core wall mock-up test of high strength concrete performed by testing pumpability." Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea, 24(8): 203-210, 2008.
  • Ko, J.W., Kim, J.J., Lee, S.H., Moon, H.J. and Park, S.J., "An experimental study on the physical property change of high strength concrete for high-rise building before and after concrete pumping transfer." Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction, 26(9): 71-78, 2010.
  • Kwon, S.H., Park, C.K., Jeong, J.H., Jo, S.D. and Lee, S.H., "Prediction of concrete pumping: Part II-Analytical prediction and experimental verification." ACI Materials Journal, 110(6): 657-668, 2013.
  • Secrieru, E., Cotardo, D., Mechtcherine, V., Lohaus, L., Schröfl, C. and Begemann, C., "Changes in concrete properties during pumping and formation of lubricating material under pressure." Cement and Concrete Research, 108: 129-139, 2018.
  • Kwon, S.H., Jang, K.P., Kim, J.H. and Shah, S.P., "State of the art on prediction of concrete pumping." International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 10(3): 75-85, 2016.
  • Tan, H., Zou, F., Ma, B., Liu, M., Li, X. and Jian, S., "Effect of sodium tripolyphosphate on adsorbing behavior of polycarboxylate superplasticizer." Construction and Building Materials, 126: 617-623, 2016.
  • Domone, P.J. and JIN, J., "Properties of mortar for self-compacting concrete." In Self-compacting concrete, Stockholm, pp. 109-120, 1999.
  • Schwartzentruber, L.A., Le Roy, R. and Cordin, J., "Rheological behaviour of fresh cement pastes formulated from a Self Compacting Concrete (SCC)." Cement and Concrete Research, 36(7): 1203-1213, 2006.
  • Norberg, J., Norberg, P. B. and Billberg, P., "Effects of a new generation of superplasticizers on the properties of fresh concrete." Special Publication, 173: 583-598, 1997.
  • Szwabowski, J. and Gołaszewski, J., "Properties of cement paste and aggregate filling with cement paste as formative factors of self-compactness and compressive strength of concrete." Cement Wapno Beton, 2, 2010.
  • Bartos, P.J.M., Sonebi, M. and Tamimi, A.K., Workability and Rheology of Fresh Concrete: Compendium of Tests, Report of RILEM Technical Committee 145- WSM RILEM Report 24, RILEM Publications S.A.R.L., p. 127, 2007.
  • De Schutter, G., Bartos, P.J., Domone, P. and Gibbs, J. Self Compacting Concrete, Whittles Publishing, Dunbeath, p. 296, 2008.
  • Soutsos, M.N., and Domone, P.L., "Design of high strength concrete mixes with normal weight aggregates." In Proc. of the 3rd International Symposium on Utilization of High Strength Concrete, Lillehammer, Norway, 1993.
  • ACI 237R-07, "Self-consolidating Concrete." American Concrete Institute, 2007.
  • Team, PCI Self-Consolidating Concrete FAST. "Interim Guidelines for the Use of Self-Consolidating Concrete in PCI Member Plants." PCI Journal, 48.3: p. 14-18, 2003.
  • Heirman, G., Hendrickx, R., Vandewalle, L., Van Gemert, D., Feys, D., De Schutter, G., Desmet, B. and Vantomme, J., "Integration approach of the Couette inverse problem of powder type self-compacting concrete in a wide-gap concentric cylinder rheometer: Part II. Influence of mineral additions and chemical admixtures on the shear thickening flow behaviour." Cement and Concrete research, 39(3): 171-181, 2009.
  • Chen, Chun-Tao. Interactions between Portland cements and carboxylated and naphthalene-based superplasticizers. Diss. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, (2007).‏
  • EFNARC, EFCA. "Guidelines for Viscosity Modifying Admixtures For Concrete." (2006).‏
  • Mueller, Florian V., and Olafur H. Wallevik. "Effect of Limestone Filler Addition in Eco-SCC: Design, Production and Placement of Self-Consolidating Concrete." Proceedings of SCC2010, Montreal, Canada (2010): 26-29.‏
  • Gesoğlu, Mehmet, Erhan Güneyisi, and Erdoğan Özbay. "Properties of self-compacting concretes made with binary, ternary, and quaternary cementitious blends of fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume." Construction and Building Materials 23.5 (2009): 1847-1854.‏
  • Mindess, Sidney, F. J. Young, and David Darwin. "Concrete." 2nd Edition, 2003.‏